Anatomy-
-Diagram of Dna-
T-nucleobase not in Rna
Meischer- nucleic acid, 1st saw Dna, 1868
Pauling- Structure of Dna, triple strand.
Feulgen- staining dna, whre it is located.
Levene- Dna a contained A-G(purines) and T-C(pyrimidines). Sugar and phosphate present. Thought equal amounts present.
Chargaff- diff. Amounts of all four, t-a c-g
Watson/Crick- base of Rosalind Franklin, double coil helix.
Fanklin-xray crystallography findings. Noble peace award.
Okazaki-leading strand, lagging strand
Nirenberg/Khorana-64 codons
Collins-Human genome project
nucleotide(basice building block of nucleic acid)-nucleobase,sugar,phosphate group.
Adenine and Guaninie- purine. Double rings
Cytosine/Thymine- pyrimidine-single rings
Adenine/thymine/cytosine/guanine -DNA
Adening/uracil/cytosine/guanine-RNA
Dna - negative charge, 2nm wide, 10 base pairs. 1mm-1,000,000 nm, 1mm-500.000 DNA
46 chromosomes
codon - 3 bases
Dna,Rna- tells cell what to do, enzymes to make, reproduce.
Dna- in the genes of the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell. mitochondria, chloroplasts, centrioles, plastids.
Rna- in the nucleus + out in the cytoplasm. 90% in cytoplasm- ribosomes
10% in nucleus- mRna
Dna- Deoxyribose sugar- thymine, double strand, nucleus
Rna- ribose sugar - uracil, single strand, nucleus, cytoplasm
64 codons for 20 amino acids
Messenger Rna- message from Dna in nucles out to cytoplasm to transfer Rna and ribosomes.
Rosalind Franklin used X-ray crystallography to he...
English: Minipreparation of plasmidic DNA and dige...
English: Illustration of tRNA building peptide cha...Transfer Rna- feels out messenger Rna for message. Gives the amino acids to the ribosomes.
Ribosomal Rna- links together the amino acids gotten from transfer Rna to form protiens.
Replication - dna makes copy of itself
Transcription- dna makes messenger Rna
Translation- making of protien
Protien
Polyribosome- ribosomes with the same mRna
Initiation- Aug to begin making protien
Elongation- amino acids brought in by mRna
Termiination- stop at uga, uaa, or uag
Frameshift mutation- delteion and addition of bases
Genetic engineering- insulin, growth hormone, relaxin, tpa
Genetic diseases- tay sachs, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, huntingtons
Dna incorrect- cretinism, albinism, tay sachs, pku
- factors- xray,