Chemistry 10 Study Notes for Matter and Bonding / Bond Types.

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Matter

Pure

Compound (2 or more atoms joined 2gether chemically [bond] to get stable structure)

Covalent (aka molecular)

Ionic

Element (can't be broken down, 1 type of atom)

Metal

Non-Metal

Mixture (2 or more things that can be separated)

Solution (completely mixed 2gether, can't distinguish: salt water, drinks)

Mechanical (2 different things: cereal in milk, rocks & sand)

Suspension (particles are clumped 2gether, liquids: orange juice & pulp)

Diatomic Elements

It can join 2gether w/ itself

H2(g)

Still element

Gas joined 2gether

Bonded

Chemical Reaction = new substance created

Physical Reaction = change of state

States of Matter

(s) = solid

(g) = gas

(l) = liquid

(aq) = aqueous

Electrons

(-) charge

Atomic #

Usually come in pairs

Protons

(+) charge

Atomic #

Neutrons

Glue that holds nucleus of atom 2gether

No charge

Atomic mass - atomic #

Colors of Periodic Table

Solid

Black

Gas

Red

Liquid

Blue

Theoretical

Clear

Ionic Compounds

Non-metal & metal

Conducts electricity in liquids & solutions

Atoms are just "repelled/pushed" to stay in place

Electrons are free to move around

Conducts Electricity

Electro-Static Charge

Forms a highly structure Crystalline lattice

Metal donates electron(s) to non-metal

Covalent Compounds

Non-metal & Non-metal

Electrons are Charged

Doesn't conduct electricity

Electrons can't move

Covalent bonds = 2 shared electrons

Weak intermolecular forces

Between covalent molecules

Melting point of covalent molecules is low

Weak intermolecular force is easy to break

Can't get smaller than each molecule

Strong intramolecular forces

Within the molecule

Share electrons

Strength of Bond Depends on:

Size of atoms

Distance

Protons are (+)

If they get too close, they will repel each other

Why Bohr Models don't work after 20

Transition Metals

Have sub-shells

Fill in different shells

Writing Charges

2+

Number than charge

Polar effect

One side has a slightly different charge from the other...