Matter
Pure
Compound (2 or more atoms joined 2gether chemically [bond] to get stable structure)
Covalent (aka molecular)
Ionic
Element (can't be broken down, 1 type of atom)
Metal
Non-Metal
Mixture (2 or more things that can be separated)
Solution (completely mixed 2gether, can't distinguish: salt water, drinks)
Mechanical (2 different things: cereal in milk, rocks & sand)
Suspension (particles are clumped 2gether, liquids: orange juice & pulp)
Diatomic Elements
It can join 2gether w/ itself
H2(g)
Still element
Gas joined 2gether
Bonded
Chemical Reaction = new substance created
Physical Reaction = change of state
States of Matter
(s) = solid
(g) = gas
(l) = liquid
(aq) = aqueous
Electrons
(-) charge
Atomic #
Usually come in pairs
Protons
(+) charge
Atomic #
Neutrons
Glue that holds nucleus of atom 2gether
No charge
Atomic mass - atomic #
Colors of Periodic Table
Solid
Black
Gas
Red
Liquid
Blue
Theoretical
Clear
Ionic Compounds
Non-metal & metal
Conducts electricity in liquids & solutions
Atoms are just "repelled/pushed" to stay in place
Electrons are free to move around
Conducts Electricity
Electro-Static Charge
Forms a highly structure Crystalline lattice
Metal donates electron(s) to non-metal
Covalent Compounds
Non-metal & Non-metal
Electrons are Charged
Doesn't conduct electricity
Electrons can't move
Covalent bonds = 2 shared electrons
Weak intermolecular forces
Between covalent molecules
Melting point of covalent molecules is low
Weak intermolecular force is easy to break
Can't get smaller than each molecule
Strong intramolecular forces
Within the molecule
Share electrons
Strength of Bond Depends on:
Size of atoms
Distance
Protons are (+)
If they get too close, they will repel each other
Why Bohr Models don't work after 20
Transition Metals
Have sub-shells
Fill in different shells
Writing Charges
2+
Number than charge
Polar effect
One side has a slightly different charge from the other...