Concise study notes on types of motivation in language learning; characteristics of motivated learners and ways of increasing motivation

TYPES OF MOTIVATION

1.INTRINSIC - your own reasons to study

2.EXTRINSIC - sources of external motivation:

- desire of students to please an authority, their wish to succeed in an external exam, or peer-group influences (these CANNOT be influenced by the teacher)

- success and its rewards; failure and its penalties; authoritative demands, tests, competition (these ARE affected by the teacher action)

3.INTEGRATIVE - immigration

4.INSTRUMENTAL - for a job, for career advancement

5.GLOBAL - overall

6.SITUATIONAL - in different situations

7.TASK - when given a specific task

CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTIVATED LEARNERS:

1)POSITIVE TASK ORIENTATION - the learner is willing to tackle tasks and challenges, and has confidence in his/her success

2)EGO-INVOLVEMENT - the learner finds it important to succeed in learning in order to maintain and promote his/her own (positive) self-image

3)NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT - the learner has a need to achieve, to overcome difficulties and succeed in what he/she sets to do

4)HIGH ASPIRATIONS - the learner is ambitious, goes for demanding challenges, high proficiency, top grades

5)GOAL ORIENTATION - the learner is very aware of the goals of learning, or of specific learning activities, and directs his/her efforts towards achieving them

6)PERSEVERANCE - the learner constantly invests a high level of effort in learning and is not discouraged by setbacks or apparent lack of progress

7)TOLERANCE OF AMBIGUITY - the learner is not disturbed or frustrated by situations involving a temporary lack of understanding or confusion; he/she can live with these patiently, in the confidence that understanding will come later

WAYS OF AROUSING INTEREST IN TASKS

CLEAR GOALS

Learners should be aware of the objectives of the task - both language-learning and content

VARIED TOPICS AND TASKS

Topics and tasks should be selected carefully to be as...

English: Shows early psychological student motivat...

Learners

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