cylindrical equilibrium equations

Essay by anshulyUniversity, Bachelor'sB, November 2014

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Keywords

What is VVER

Design

Primary cooling circuit

Secondary circuit and electrical output

Cooling circuit

Safety barriers

Operational life of VVER 1000

Future versions

Power plants

Gallery

Conclusions

References

What is VVER

VVER stands for Vodo-Voda Energo Reactor. It is also known as WWER: Water-cooled Water-moderated Energy Reactor.

The VVER reactor itself was developed by ROSATOM subsidiary OKB Gidropress, while the nuclear power stations employing the VVER have been developed by the power plant design organizations within ROSATOM: Moscow .

The VVER is a pressurized water reactor (PWR), the commonest type of nuclear reactor worldwide, employing light water as coolant and moderator.

Milestones:

1947 -Research heavy water reactor

1954 -Steam generator for 1st NPP

1964 -VVER-1 (210MWe)

1965 -Boiling water reactor VK-50

1966 -VVER-2 (70MWe)

1969 -VVER-3 (365MWe)

1969 -Sodium reactor BOR-60

1971 -First VVER-440

1980 -First VVER-1000

Now 54 VVER-440 and VVER-1000 are in commercial operation in Russia (17), Ukraine, Armenia, Finland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech Rep.,

Slovakia, China, Iran and India.

Gen I

VVER

Gen II

VVER-440

Gen II/Gen III

VVER-1000

Gen III+

VVER-1200

V-210

Russia:

Novovoronezh 1 (decommissioned)

V-179

Russia:

Novovoronezh 3-4

V-187

Russia: Novovoronezh 5

V-392M

Russia: Novovoronezh II 1-2

(under construction)

V-365

Russia:

Novovoronezh 2

(decommissioned)

V-230

Russia: Kola 1-2

V-302

Ukraine: South Ukraine 1

V-491

Russia: Baltic 1-2

(under construction)

Leningrad II 1-2

(under construction)

Belarus: Belarus 1 (under

construction)

Decommissioned:

East Germany:

Greifswald 1-4

Bulgaria:

Kozloduy 1-4

Slovakia:

Bohunice I 1-2

V-338

Ukraine: South Ukraine 2

Russia: Kalinin 1-2

V-213

Russia: Kola 3-4

Ukraine: Rovno 1-2

Hungary: Paks 1-4

Czech Rep.:

Dukovany 1-4

Finland: Loviisa 1-2

Slovakia:

Bohunice II 1-2

Mochovce 1-2

Mochovce 3-4

(under construction)

V-320

Russia: Balakovo 1-4, Kalinin 3-4,

Rostov 1-2, Rostov 3-4 (under construction)

Ukraine: Rovno 3-4, Zaporozhe 1-6,

Khmelnitski 1-2, South Ukraine 3

Bulgaria: Kozloduy 5-6

Czech Rep.: Temelin...