exploring the influence of academic social values and perceived school belongingness in academic performance

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OR RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter consists the related literature and studies that the researchers find necessary to support what was claimed in this study. The topics discussed came from different books, journals, articles, thesis, and websites

School Belongingness of Students

People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationship, acceptance and avoid rejection. Most especially students, they wanted to feel they are accepted with their environment because belongingness is a core component of human functioning; social exclusion should influence many cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes and personality expression(C. Nathan Dewall,2010). The term school belongingness refers to students' perception of being accepted and respected in a school setting. The mechanism of this sense of belongingness can work through friends, peer networks, family and parents (e.g. Gutman & Midgley, 2000), teachers and classroom climate (Anderman, 2003, Roeser, Eccles, & Sameroff, 2000), and/or a sense of community with a particular local school a student attends (Osterman, 2000).

Peer Relationship

Peer relationships play a significant role in healthy personal and social development and considered as the important event in adolescents (Woolfolk, 2006). Adolescents expand their social connections from family to peers and even community and they have to deal with various social and academic pressures (San Antonio, 2006). (Connaco, Jimenez &Billedo, 2003) found that Filipino adolescents reported having a lot of friends. Evaluating behavioral change depends on the factors environment, people and behavior. The desire for social bonds and connections with others has a long history in psychological research. As Zimmerman (2008) has stated "the act of goal setting and pursuit is nested within a social group context that can enhance or undermine students' effectiveness in school" (p. 271). Gardner, Pickett, & Brewer (2000) showed how belongingness needs are associated with greater processing of socially relevant information.

Relationship Between Professors...