History of Ship Building

1.Floating trunk: Needs for fishing and crossing rivers were the main reasons for men to use trunks.

2.Raft: Floating trunk was now very stable so the men learned to make rafts using several trunks tied up together. That enabled them to carry heavier cargo and to navigate much easier.

3.Primitive boat: Disadvantages of the raft was that it was big and slow thus being used only on lakes and small rivers.

4.Egyptian vessel: The river Nile was the only communication way among regions in ancient Egypt. During 2000 BC the first vessel was made using trunks of papyrus-tree connected with leather bound. Later on, vessels were made of fig tree or acacia. Between 2500 and 2000 BC Egyptians constructed types of vessels that were 30-40 m long with mast and sails. Oars, used for moving through water, were situated amidships whereas oars for changing direction were placed astern.

North and South Atlantic Ocean

United States

United States

5.Roman vessel: After the wars against Chartage, Rome became the ruler of the Mediterranean Sea. Roman navy had different types of vessels such as: battleships, reconnaissance vessel, vessels for carrying troops etc.

6.Galley: Galleys were standard types of battleships and merchant ships on the Mediterranean since 10th century. Galleys were developed from Byzantine vessel and were being used till 18th century. She was 60m in length, 7m wide, with draught of 3m. Her deadweight was 300 tons and she carried about 500 men. Slaves and prisoners were being used for rowing. She was armed with snorkel in the bows, with tool for moving from one ship to another during battle, and guns were used later on. In addition, galleys were used for sailing on the river Danube.

7.Caravel: Caravel was type of vessel that was wide-spread between 12th and 16th century. It was very suitable for long voyages. Fitted with three to four masts and carried 70 men. Christopher Columbus was using caravel for exploration.

8.Huge vessel: This huge vessel was used for ocean-going voyages. She was fitted with four masts. 600 to 800 men could board the vessel. Spain was using this type of vessel for communicating with their colonies in America.

9.Sailing vessel: During 25th century sailing vessel was constructed. It was the war ship about 70m in length, 15m wide, huge and magnificent, fitted with three masts 70m high. She carried 1000 to 1200 men and was armed with 120 guns.

10.Clipper: Clipper was constructed in America to complete with English vessels. Her deadweight was 800-2000 tons and with her 3-8 masts she could sail at high speed. It took her 13 days to cross the Atlantic Ocean.

11.Steam ship “Klermon”: In 1803 an American called Robert Fu;ton constructed the first steam ship. In 1807, he constructed the steam ship “Klermon”. It took her 22 hours to cross the distance between New York and Albany (287 km). In 1819 the “Savanah” was constructed. She was fitted with three masts as well as steam engine. Classic sailing vessels cleared to exist that year.

12.Transatlantic: In 1858 Great Eastern constructed huge steam ship made of steel. She was 211m in length, and her deadweight was 200000 tons. This ship was forerunner of today’s modern ships.

13.Motor boats: Nowadays motor boats are very popular. They are used for economic, tourist and sport purposes. An the of other land, military motor boats are used for fighting or crying troops and military equipment. Certain types of motor boats reach the speed of 200 Km/h.

14.Submarine: Submarine is a military veseel used for operationson the sea surface and below the surface. When sailing on the surface diesel engines are used for propulsion, whereas electric engine used for underwater movement. USA constructed the first nuclear submarine “Nautilus” which is used since 1954. Submarines are armed with torpedos, guns and missiles.

15.Battleship: Battleship is made of strong steel. Her guns placed inside cupola can be moved in all directions. She was great five-power. It is used for fighting on the sea and for shelling enemy ports.

16.Aircraft carries: Greater involvement of aircrafts during sea-battles required construction of vessels that can carry aircraft. In 1919 the first carrier was used. Modern aircraft carries use nuclear power for propulsion.

http://brod.pfri.hr/pov/pov.html

English: The Atlantic Ocean.

Mediterranean light

English: Map of the Atlantic Ocean according to Pa...