OUTLINE of Chapter 3: Elementary Statistics: A Brief Version, (A. Bluman 3rd Ed., 2003).
Summarize data using measures of central tendency, such as the mean, median, mode, and midrange.
Describe data using the measures of variation, such as the range, variance, and standard deviation.
Identify the position of a data value in a data set using various measures of position, such as percentiles, deciles, and quartiles.
Use the techniques of exploratory data analysis, including boxplots and five-number summaries to discover various aspects of data.
Statistical methods can be used to summarize data.
Measures of average are also called measures of central tendency and include the mean, median, mode, and midrange.
Measures that determine the spread of data values are called measures of variation or measures of dispersion and include the range, variance, and standard deviation.
Measures of position tell where a specific data value falls within the data set or its relative position in comparison with other data values.
The most common measures of position are percentiles, deciles, and quartiles.
The measures of central tendency, variation, and position are part of what is called traditional statistics. This type of data is typically used to confirm conjectures about the data.
Another type of statistics is called exploratory data analysis. These techniques include the the box plot and the five-number summary. They can be used to explore data to see what they show.
A statistic is a characteristic or measure obtained by using the data values from a sample.
A parameter is a characteristic or measure obtained by using all the data values for a specific population.
When the data in a data set is ordered it is called a data array.
In statistics the basic rounding rule is that when computations are done in the calculation, rounding should not be done until the final answer is calculated.
The mean is the sum of the values...
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Elementary Statistics: A Brief Version(A. Bluman 3rd Ed., 2003): OUTLINE of Chapter 1.
... basic methods for obtaining samples are: random, systematic, stratified, and cluster. Summary (cont'd.) Data can be classified as qualitative or quantitative. The four basic types of measurement are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. The two basic types of statistical ...
Outline of Chapter 6 text - Elementary Statistics: A Brief Version(A. Bluman 3rd Ed., 2003)
... population measure due to the fact that the sample is not a perfect representation of the population. Properties of Distribution of Sample Means The mean of the sample means will be the same as the population mean. The standard deviation ...
Outline of Chapter 7 text - Elementary Statistics: A Brief Version(A. Bluman 3rd Ed., 2003)
... for variances and standard deviations. The chi-square distribution is obtained from the values of (n ... the mean. The mean, median, and mode are equal to 0 and are located at the center of the ...
OUTLINE of Chapter 4 text - Elementary Statistics: A Brief Version (A. Bluman 3rd Ed., 2003)
... a relatively small probability of happening rather than those events that have a greater likelihood of occurring. Mutually Exclusive Events Two events are mutually exclusive if they cannot occur at the same time (i.e., they have no outcomes in common ...
Outline of Chapter 5 text - Elementary Statistics: A Brief Version(A. Bluman 3rd Ed., 2003)
... each outcome by its corresponding probability, summing those products, and subtracting the square of the mean. The formula for calculating the variance is: The formula for the standard deviation is: Expected Value Expected value or expectation is used in various types ...
Outline of Chapter 8 text - Elementary Statistics: A Brief Version(A. Bluman 3rd Ed., 2003)
... sample standard deviation s can be used in the formula as long as the sample size is 30 or more. The P-value The P-value (or probability value) is the probability of getting a sample statistic (such as the mean ...
Outline of Chapter 9 text - Elementary Statistics: A Brief Version(A. Bluman 3rd Ed., 2003)
... Test Value Step 1 Find the differences of the values of the pairs of data, D. Step 2 Find the mean of the differences . Step 3 Find the standard deviation of the ...
Central Tendency and Dispersion Statistical Measurements
... of small, independent error sources. The Gaussian distribution is also commonly called the "normal distribution" and is often described as a "bell-shaped curve". (Gauss curve, 2004) Examining the data further, the three central tendency measures the mean, median, and mode ...
Outline of Chapter 3: Elem. Stats
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