Study Guide For Chapters 1 and 2

AP Probability & Statistics Study Guide for Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 (Date: 10/12/14)

Index:

Index……………………………………………………………………………………………...1

Some Definitions……………………………………………………………………….............2

Box Plots…………………………………………………………………………………………5

Normal Probability Distributions……………………………………………………………….8

Misc. (A.K.A. Not in PPT I Found)………...…..……………………………………………..10

Some Definitions:

Population - the complete collection of all elements (scores, people measurements, and so on) to be studied. The collection is complete in the sense that it includes all subjects to be studied

Parameter - a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population

Census - the collection of data from every member of the population

Sample - a sub-collection of elements drawn from a population

Statistic - a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample

Random sample - members of the population are selected in such a way that each individual member has an equal chance of being selected

Simple random sample (of size n) - subjects selected in such a way that every possible sample of same size n has the same chance of being chosen

Systematic sampling - select some starting point and then select every Kth element in the population

Convenience sampling - use results that are easy to get

Stratified sampling - subdivide the population into at least two different subgroups that share the same characteristics, then draw a sample from each subgroup or stratum

Cluster sampling - divide the population into sections (or clusters); randomly select some of those clusters; choose all members from selected clusters

Observational study - observing and measuring specific characteristics without attempting to modify the subject being studied

Sampling error - the difference between s ample result and the true population result; such an error results from chance sample fluctuations

Nonsampling error - sample data that are incorrectly collected, recorded, or analyzed (such as by selecting a biased sample, using a defective instrument or copying the data...