UNEMPLOYMENT
Reasons for unemployment:
(1) ECONOMIC RECESSION
This is when consumer spending falls and workers are laid off leading to a decrease in circulation of money causing further unemployment.
Competition from free trade after 1972 caused firms to close and unemployment began to rise. Unemployment rates rose rapidly during the 1980's when multinational companies pulled out and new multinational companies failed to invest.
(2) SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT
This is when workers are laid off during slack periods of the year eg. After January sales.
(3) INCREASED TECHNOLOGY
New IT has defined a new era, "The post industrial economy" More work is done by less people and workplace interaction is less frequent, (some employees can even work from home) which can lead to low moral and feelings of isolation but may have advantages for parents of young children. Increased technology also allows employers to continuously monitor employees' output whether they are working on computer terminals or on an assembly line.
Self Employment Tax Form - Schedule SE
Utilitarianist social welfare curve
Employment to population ratio in EU social models(4) LACK OF SKILLS
Technology replaces less skilled jobs and these people due to lack of skills fail to find work in other jobs
(5) EARLY SCHOOL LEAVERS
Those who leave school without certification may only be able to find jobs in poorly paid unstable work.
THE EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
As a result of the unemployment crisis it is estimated that between 1982 and 1993 there were 470,000 emigrations. Most of the people who emigrated were between the ages of 15 and 24 (approximately 60%).
Belief in finding employment abroad along with failure to do so at home is amongst the principal causes of emigration. The middle classes and single people or those married without children are the most likely categories to emigrate.
The most popular places to emigrate to are the UK (60%) and the USA (14%). The number of...