Analysis of Bao-yu's dream in Cao Xueqin's 'Story of the Stone'

Essay by i4959College, Undergraduate March 2004

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The Story of the Stone by Cao Xueqin is an animated, lively account of life

in a large Chinese household in the mid-18th century Qing dynasty. It

remains a fascinating novel for modern readers with its vivid and detailed

descriptions of the minutiae of daily life - from clothing, food and

interior design to education, marriage and death.

For all its realism however, The Story of the Stone is not set entirely in

reality. The very premise of the whole tale, that of a single rock left out

of the goddess Nu-wa's repairing of the sky, is one based on a

magico-religious dream world. The rock is found by a Buddhist and a Taoist

who take it down to the mortal world where it lives out a human life, that

of Jia Bao-yu, before attaining Nirvana. Once a rock again, a Taoist copies

the inscription on its surface ''from beginning to end and took it back

with him to look for a publisher''.

Cao Xueqin's emphasis on dreams can be seen in the alternative titles for

his masterpiece. A Dream of Red Mansions is the title by which the book is

perhaps most commonly known. Twelve Young Ladies of Jinling is also a title

suggested in chapter one. Both of these titles refer to the same dream. As

David Hawkes explains, 'hong lou', red mansion, has the more specialised

meaning of the residences of the daughters of rich men and thus, the young

ladies themselves.

The dream alluded to in these appellations occurs in the fifth chapter of

volume one, The Golden Days. Cousin Zhen's wife, You-shi, has invited the

women of the Rong-guo house, accompanied by Bao-yu, round for a flower

viewing party. Needless to say, Bao-yu soon tires and asks to take a nap.

Rather than going...