Chemistry Test Notes

Protons:

Located inside the nucleus

Have a positive charge (1+)

Have a relative mass of 1

Neutrons:

Located inside the nucleus

Have no charge

Have a relative mass of 1

Electrons

Located outside the nucleus

Have a negative charge (1-)

Have a relative mass of 1/2000

Definitions

Atomic Number:

The number of protons in an atom

Determines the identity of the atom

Atoms are typically neutral, in this instance you can use it to determine the number of electrons

Mass Number:

Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom

Some isotopes occur in greater numbers then others

Protons + Neutrons = Mass Number

Isotopes:

Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers - meaning different neutrons then protons

Some isotopes occur in greater numbers than other

Atomic Mass:

The average mass of all isotopes

Standard Atomic Notations:

136C

13 is the mass number

6 is the atomic Number

C is the element Symbol

Bohr Rutherford Diagram

Electrons move in definite orbits around nucleus

Orbits located at certain distances from nucleus

Electrons cannot exist between orbits, but from one orbit to the other

The maximum number of electrons in the first 3 orbits is 2, 8,8.

The hypochlorite ion

The chlorite ion

The chlorate ion

Electrons are more stable when closer to nucleus.

C

Compounds

Molecular

Perform covalent bonds

Share Valence electrons

Ionic:

Form Ionic Bonds

Transfer electrons

If they lose electrons they are positively charged

They are...