Classificatons of individuals- Race: Is classifying by race needed to reach a goal or purpose with being the least restrictive?Gender: Is it related to the governmental goal?Age, Wealth, etc.: Is the classification bear a logical relationshpi to the governmental goal?One aspect of the Reconstruction era was that of the government: they put tough restrictions on the former confederate states in order to be readmitted to the Union. Another was that of the Southern Whites: they were unhappy with the freedom of slaves and used restrictions such as the Jim Crow laws on them. The third aspect of the Reconstruction era was that of the freed slaves: they wanted to be able to live a free life, something they had never had. Sweatt v. Painter should have been used as a precedent for Brown v. Board of Education because it said "separate but equal" was not allowed in professional schools. I think that professional schools and regular schools are basically the same in essence, their purpose is to educate, so there should be no reason why professional school had to be equal and public schools did not.
President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Martin Luth...
The first page of the Voting Rights Act.
The last page of the Voting Rights Act.The courts thought is was necessary for busing to achieve intergration because some segregation was defacto segregation caused by economic problems. Busing would intergrate students who were segregated by location. The Little Rock crisis was caused by the desegregation of schools. Central High School in Little Rock refused to allow black students so President Eisenhower sent troops in to desegregate. The problem was resolved as the students were protected from the National Guard and Congress did not give aid to schools that wouldn't intergrate.
Figure 5.1 shows the limits of judicial implementation by illustrating how although Brown v. Board of Education occurred in 1954, precentage of black students attending school with any white in...