What is VVER
Design
Primary cooling circuit
Secondary circuit and electrical output
Cooling circuit
Safety barriers
Operational life of VVER 1000
Future versions
Power plants
Gallery
Conclusions
References
What is VVER
VVER stands for Vodo-Voda Energo Reactor. It is also known as WWER: Water-cooled Water-moderated Energy Reactor.
The VVER reactor itself was developed by ROSATOM subsidiary OKB Gidropress, while the nuclear power stations employing the VVER have been developed by the power plant design organizations within ROSATOM: Moscow .
The VVER is a pressurized water reactor (PWR), the commonest type of nuclear reactor worldwide, employing light water as coolant and moderator.
Milestones:
1947 -Research heavy water reactor
1954 -Steam generator for 1st NPP
1964 -VVER-1 (210MWe)
1965 -Boiling water reactor VK-50
1966 -VVER-2 (70MWe)
1969 -VVER-3 (365MWe)
1969 -Sodium reactor BOR-60
1971 -First VVER-440
1980 -First VVER-1000
Now 54 VVER-440 and VVER-1000 are in commercial operation in Russia (17), Ukraine, Armenia, Finland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech Rep.,
Slovakia, China, Iran and India.
Gen I VVER | Gen II VVER-440 | Gen II/Gen III VVER-1000 | Gen III+ VVER-1200 |
V-210 Russia: Novovoronezh 1 (decommissioned) | V-179 Russia: Novovoronezh 3-4 | V-187 Russia: Novovoronezh 5 | V-392M Russia: Novovoronezh II 1-2 (under construction) |
V-365 Russia: Novovoronezh 2 (decommissioned) | V-230 Russia: Kola 1-2 | V-302 Ukraine: South Ukraine 1 | V-491 Russia: Baltic 1-2 (under construction) Leningrad II 1-2 (under construction) Belarus: Belarus 1 (under construction) |
Decommissioned: East Germany: Greifswald 1-4 Bulgaria: Kozloduy 1-4 Slovakia: Bohunice I 1-2 | V-338 Ukraine: South Ukraine 2 Russia: Kalinin 1-2 | ||
V-213 Russia: Kola 3-4 Ukraine: Rovno 1-2 Hungary: Paks 1-4 Czech Rep.: Dukovany 1-4 Finland: Loviisa 1-2 Slovakia: Bohunice II 1-2 Mochovce 1-2 Mochovce 3-4 (under construction) | V-320 Russia: Balakovo 1-4, Kalinin 3-4, Rostov 1-2, Rostov 3-4 (under construction) Ukraine: Rovno 3-4, Zaporozhe 1-6, Khmelnitski 1-2, South Ukraine 3 Bulgaria: Kozloduy 5-6 Czech Rep.: Temelin... | ||