Describe and discuss TWO contributions of either
Freud or Rogers to the development of Psychology.
Freud's work is described as psychoanalysis; it is the theory of personality, personality development including child development, moral development, defence mechanisms and theory of dreams. In this essay we will look at the psychosexual stages primarily the phallic stage. We will also look at Freud's theories on the structure of personality.
Freud suggested that sexuality was not only confined to mature adults, according to his theory on infantile sexuality, babies and young children are capable of sexual stimulation, this could be achieved by stroking of stimulating parts of the body. Freud stated that different erogenous zones are more sensitive at different stages in childhood, this he classed as the child's libido. As these erogenous zones come to the forefront they become the focus for sexual pleasure or frustration. He suggested that at any stage excessive gratification or frustration could result in an individual becoming emotionally stuck in a particular stage.
Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis, smoking ...
Freud's diagrams from 'The Ego and the Id' (1923)
Sigmund Freud QuoteAt the time of the phallic stage the child becomes aware of the biological differences between males and females, between the ages of 3 and 7 the erogenous zone that becomes dominant is the genital area. Feud believed at this point the boy will develop an unconscious sexual desire for his mother; he will become rivals with his father for the affections of his mother, and feel he is in competition for his mother. During this time, subconsciously the boy will also develop a fear that his father will punish him for having incestuous thoughts for his mother; he fears his punishment will be castration; this will lead to "castration anxiety". At this point he will repress his feelings for his mother and identify with his father, in doing this he will reduce the castration...