"The main thing in management is to put
the necessary person on the necessary place and
to achieve performance of the task put before it."
Sokrat
INTRODUCTION
Any organisation, any enterprise cannot become successful without management.
However management as a science in such kind in which we have it now, has appeared not at once.
As soon as people began to live in organised groups, the necessity of management has
appeared.
At the first stage where groups of people were insignificant, management in all spheres was carried out by one person - the leader of this group. Further, in process of group growth and complication of functions carried out by them, the necessity of labour division and group differentiation has appeared. But it couldn't happen at once, it required centuries.
The Egyptian pyramids build in 3000 - 2000 B.C. are a good example not only ancient Egyptian's culture, but also their administrative art.
English: Frederick Winslow Taylor lived from 1856 ...
Henri Fayol
Stereoscopic image of "Diagrammatic chart of funct...Construction of huge pyramids demanded,
first of all, precise planning.
While the practice of management can be traced back to 3000 B.C., it was not given serious attention until 1800 when large organisations emerged.
Industrial revolution has given a push to development of theoretical researches and management practices.
However, till an epoch of capitalism function of management was carried out by the owner himself and a small group of the persons approached to him. The role of the specially trained managers developed during an epoch of monocapitalism. Having been faced with a competition, changeable environment, managers developed knowledge system of how it is better to use resources.
During all history of management development we distinguish two approaches: classical and modern.
Classical approach allows to allocate four patterns of management thought:
1898 Scientific management
1916 Administrative management
1920 Bureaucracy
1927 Human relations
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
Occurrence of scientific management...