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Chapter 13 - Reconstruction and the New South

The Old South Destroyed

q  What happened to the South's economy because of the war? It was shattered.

q  After the war, what was the situation for nearly 4 million emancipated slaves? They found themselves homeless and penniless.

q  What did most freedmen desire? They hoped to choose their own livelihood, establish churches and schools, and own land.

q  According to rumors, the federal government was going to do what? "40 acres and a mule"

President Lincoln and Reconstruction

q  Define Reconstruction: Period following the Civil War during which the U.S. government worked to rebuild the former Confederate states and reunite the nation.

q  What was the Proclamation of Amnesty? What was its purpose? The proclamation offered a full pardon to Confederate soldiers except high ranking officials and also permitted a state to rejoin the union once 10 percent of its residents swore allegiance to the union. It's purpose was to have southerners abandon the Confederacy.

q  Define amnesty: An official pardon issued by the government.

q  What was the Wade Davis Bill? It called for the Confederate states to abolish slavery and to delay Reconstruction until a majority of each state's white males took a loyalty oath.

Lincoln's Assassination

q  When was President Lincoln shot? On April 14, 1865

q  Where did the event occur? Ford's Theatre in Washington

q  Who shot him? John Wilkes Booth q  How did the assassination affect relations

between the North and South? It increased the distrust between the North and the South.

President Johnson and Reconstruction q  Who became U.S. President upon Lincoln's death? Andrew

Johnson q  What is his background? a Democrat, a onetime slaveholder,

and a former U.S. senator from Tennessee q  Why did many people view Johnson as unsuitable to handle

Reconstruction? He favored a government controlled by white citizens.

q  What was the President's Reconstruction Plan? n  Issued a complete pardon to all rebels except former

Confederate officeholders and the richest planters n  States nullify their acts of secession n  States abolish slavery n  Refuse to pay Confederate government debts

q  How was the plan received in the South? Enthusiastically supported it

q  How did Confederates continue to discriminate against African- Americans? They did not grant voting rights to freedmen

q  What is the 13th Amendment? Constitutional amendment that abolished slavery

The Black Codes

q  Define Black Codes: Laws passed in the southern states during Reconstruction that greatly limited the freedom of former slaves.

q  What was their purpose? They all aimed to prevent African Americans from achieving social, political, and economic equality with southern whites.

q  List several examples: The codes also forbade them to travel without permits, own guns, attend schools with whites, or serve on juries.

q  How were many African-American children treated during this time? Many children without "adequate" support could be bound, or hired, out against their will.