Energy
Energy - the ability to do work (move matter)
2 types: Kinetic Energy - energy doing work
ex: heat (moving molecules)
light
Potential EnergyÃÂÃÂ - stored energy; can be as a result of
location or arrangement
ex: roller coaster - at 100 ft high there is more
potential energy than at 25 ft high
cells - molecules have potential energy due to the arrangement of the atoms
Chemical Energy - potential energy of molecules important for living organisms
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics - study of energy transformations in matter
1st Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be created or
destroyed only transferred or transformed
ex: electric company doesn't create energy, it converts it to a useable form; car converts gasoline (potential energy) into kinetic energy; we convert food into kinetic energy
2nd Law of Thermodynamics: Energy conversions reduce order in the universe (when energy is converted into another form, there is an increase in disorder or randomness)
Entropy - the amount of disorder in a system
Heat is a form of disorder (random molecular motion)
ex 1: fuel in tank of car - all of the chemical energy that is
converted into kinetic energy will eventually be
converted into heat energy.
The Texas Giant'', a large wooden roller coaster a...
English: Diagram of a energy well for a proton tun...
Potential energy well exampleWhen stopping car, the
friction between the tires and the road and the brakes
and the tires creates heat.
ex 2: Cells - creates ordered structures from less organized ones (ex: formation of proteins) but surroundings
become less organized because some energy escapes as heat
**Work of cells is powered by the potential energy contained in molecules
Problem: Describe the energy transformations that occur when you climb to the top of a stairway.
Chemical Reactions Either Store or Release Energy
Endergonic Reactions - (energy in)
- Requires an INPUT of energy for the reaction to happen
- Produce products that...