Total Quality Management (TQM) is a comprehensive and structured approach to organizational management that seeks to improve the quality of products and services through ongoing refinements in response to continuous feedback. TQM requirements may be defined separately for a particular organization or may be in devotion to established standards, such as the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 9000 series. Every organization, both for profit and non-profit, can benefit from Total Quality Management (TQM). One definition for TQM is a management strategy aimed at embedding awareness of quality in all organizational processes. It has been widely used in education, government, manufacturing, and service industries. TQM processes are divided into four chronological categories: plan, do, check, and act (the PDCA cycle). In the planning phase, people define the problem to be addressed, collect relevant data, and discover the problem's root cause. Next in the doing phase, people develop and implement a solution, and decide upon a measurement to gauge its effectiveness.
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Nameless and NumberlessThird is the checking phase, where people prove the results through before-and-after data comparison. The final phase acting is where, people document their results, inform others about process changes, and make recommendations for the problem to be addressed in the next PDCA cycle (Green 2003).
The large and growing importance of world trade is a major phenomenon of our time. This trend has been increasing from the merger of Europe into the European Union and by the rapid growth of a few of the less developed countries of Latin America, South America, and Asia. A customer needs assurance that quality products will be supplied while dealing assertively with any supplier. This assurance is principally important when customer and supplier are on a global basis, entailing separate legal systems and grievance procedures. Thus, the growth in world trade has been...