World History Notes On Ancient Sumerian City States,Religion,Law,Math& Writing::Downfall of Sumerians::Ancient Middle Eastern Civilizations(other than Sumer)
*Ancient Middle East* (3570 b.c-331 b.c)
-Sumerians are the first known civilization in the Middle East.
-Sumerians settled in Mesopotamia, which is present-day Iraq
-Mesopotamia means "lands between two rivers" (Tigris & Euphrates)
-Mesopotamia lies in the East End of "Fertile Crescent"(rich fertile land extending from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea.
-It was a hot and dry climate between the rivers, but it had fertile land.
- The lands of the middle east were more easily conquered than Egypt; Egypt had natural barriers (deserts), unlike the middle east, which did not.
-Egypt wasn't under constant attack, so it left plenty of time for advancements in technology.
*Sumerian City-states*
-Mesopotamia was split into 12 city-states
-Each city-state had their own government and supervised their own canals and dikes.
-City-states constructed city walls, and storage areas for food in case of attack.
-As city-states grew, they began to fight and have wars with each other.
-War became more important and war-time leaders began to control and people began to care less about the priests.
-Rich soil was abundant; stone and timber were not abundant
-All City-states had a ziggurat: Large, brick temple; home for Gods; largest building in town; center of all social life.
*Transportation & Trade
-Sometime between 3200 b.c. & 1600 b.c, the sail and wheel were revolutionized.
-Sumerians were the first known to use the wheel (invented or borrowed?)
-Sumerians used bronze(silver and copper alloy) tools and weapons
-Period in Sumer around 2800 b.c. was the Bronze Age.
-Any time earlier than the Bronze Age was the Stone Age.
*Sumerian Writing*
-Sumerians learned to have written record using tools to carve on wet clay (Cuneiform)
-Cuneiform(wedge-shaped writing) started as picto-graphs
-Later, cuneiform was simplified into using symbols as sounds.
-Writing spread across the fertile crescent through...
More Ancient Egypt
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Egypt: Religion Culture and the Afterlife "Documents In world History Volume" by Peter N. Stearns; Stephen S. Gosch; Erwin P. Grieshaber
... there was not a very big affect on the Egyptian culture. The arts and religion where not effected by the Mesopotamia interaction. Through isolation the Egyptian people where able to be over confident, almost cocky about their superiority of other people ...
Early Temple Architechture and Temple Worship from Ancient Near East, Egypt and Greece
... the ancient Near East was Anu, the god of the sky and of the city of Uruk. The Ziggurat at Ur is one of the greatest in Mesopotamia and ... formed the city's monumental nucleus. A well-preserved temple and early example of Sumerian architecture is the White Temple at Uruk. Its 5000-year-old design is ...
Ancient History Assessment Task: The Reign of King Thutmose III
... that he built that add to the mystic and phenomenal civilization of the Ancient Egyptians. These aspects of Thutmose IIIs reign will be ... (a visual object that shows the conquered countries). In addition to these two major constructions, numerous other temples and shrines were erected in Thutmose ...