Stalin's Russia
STRUGGLE FOR POWER AFTER LENIN DIED IN 1924 [Stalin Takes Power]
1.Secretary - as General Secretary of Com. Party installed supporters in important positions.
2.Trotsky unpopular - brilliant but big-headed/ Missed Lenin's funeral (Stalin told him wrong date)/ Ideas of world revolution worried some Russians - too soon.
3.Played off 2 sides of Politburo against each other:
First Stalin allied with Zinoviev and Kamenev [Leftists] = got Trotsky dismissed 1925.
Next he called for 'Socialism in one country', allied with Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky [Rightists] = got Zinoviev and Kamenev dismissed 1927.
Then he said the NEP wasn't socialist = got supporters of it [Bukharin, Rykov, Tomsky] dismissed 1929.
STALIN'S TERROR
THE PURGES (Stalin Takes Total Control)
1.Secret police - The Cheka became OGPU in 1924/ became NKVD in 1934.
2. ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ The First Purges 1930-1933 - anyone who opposed industrialisation or who opposed collectivisation.
3. ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ The Great Purges 1934-1939 - triggered by murder of Kirov
÷ ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà Political Opponents - thousands arrested/found guilty of treason at 'Show trials' - e.g. Zinoviev/ Kamenev 1936, Bukharin/ Tomsky/ Rykov 1938
÷ ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà Army - Commander-in-Chief of Red Army shot/ many other generals admirals & officers executed or imprisoned
÷ ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà Church - leaders imprisoned/ churches closed
÷ ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà Ethnic groups - 'Russification'/ mosques closed
÷ ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà ÃÂà Ordinary people - arrested, sent to Gulag [labour camps]/ 20m died/ Apparatchiks [supporters] got new homes.
4. ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ Cult of Stalin - pictures/ statues/ constant applause/ history books changed
REASONS FOR THE PURGES (Why Unnecessary Purges?)
1. ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ Whole country - belief in 'strength in unity'.
2. ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ Urgency - Stalin said Russia had 10 years to catch up the west before Germany invaded
3. ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ ÃÂÃ Paranoia - Stalin saw plots everywhere and became power-mad.
RESULTS (Results Of The Terror - Insane Stalin Grabs All The Power)
Russification/ Orthodox Church...