What is an acid and a base?
The first person that tried to define acids and bases was Arrhenius. His theory proposed that an acid is any substance that produces a proton H+, when dissolved in water and the resulting solution is an electrolyte. A base is any substance that produces hydroxide ions, when dissolved in water; they are also called alkali. This theory was able to explain the way acids and bases react; the only substance that the theory was not able to explain was NH3. So the definition of an acid and a base was redefined, and the Brønsted-Lowry Theory was created. This theory stated that an acid will donate a proton H+ and a base will accept one; it also claimed that an acid or a base will never be a base or an acid until they are dissolved in the water.
Although no theory has been accepted as a law to explain the way acids and bases react, the Brønsted-Lowry theory is the most accepted one.
Chemistry laboratory, detail
Ball and stick model of hydronium
Lewis Acids and BasesProperties of acids and bases.
Some of the properties of the acids and bases are:
-Acids taste sour and bases taste bitter.
-Acids turn blue litmus to red; bases turn red litmus to blue.
-In a neutralization reaction, acids neutralize bases; and bases neutralize acids.
-Acids release a hydrogen ion into aqueous solution and bases release a hydroxide ion.
-The hydrogen ion of the acid and the hydroxide ion of the base unite to form water.
-An acid plus a base makes water plus a salt.
-When acids react with carbonates, carbon dioxide is formed; when a base reacts with a carbonate no reaction takes place.
-When acids react with ammonium chloride, no reaction takes place; when a base reacts with ammonium chloride, ammonia is produced.
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