CELL BIOLOGY NOTES:
Biological cell
There are many single cells and many multi cellular organisms like us.
Single cells have organelles that help them function
Organelles:
÷ Mitochondrion: cell organelle involved in respiration
÷ Cytoplasm: fluid that surrounds a cell that forms the vacuole
÷ Golgi Apparatus: processing area for the glycoprotein
÷ Endoplasmic reticulum: organelle involved in the synthesis of protein
÷ Vesicles: Packages of substances that are secreted or used by the cell
÷ Nucleus: it is the brain of the cell, it has the genetic information of the cell that determines the natural processes that are to be undertaken by the cell.
÷ Cell membrane: it is the wall that surround the cell, sometimes known as the plasm membrane. Its role is to control what enters and exits through the cell, it has a protective and structural role.
÷ Cell wall: a structure that is found in plants, it has a structural and protective role.
Cell specialisation
Cells can specialise in a particular function within a organism, usually as part of a larger tissue consisting of many of the same cells working in tandem, for example:
÷ Nerve cells: they operate as part of the nervous system in which they send message back and forth via the brain at the centre of the nerve system.
÷ Skin cells: for waterproof protection and also the protection against pathogens in the open air
÷ Xylem tubes: it transfers water to the plant, performing a structural role in supporting the plant.
Cells combine their efforts to form a common cause, in which each cell has its own specific function that help in establishing a common cause. As illustrated in the above list and below example;
÷ Muscle cells are long and smooth in structure and their elastic nature allows these...